Exploring Vocational High School Students’ Entrepreneurial Intention: Preliminary Study

Darma Rika Swaramarinda, Badrul Isa, Norhayati Mohd Yusof, Mohd Ali Bahari Abdul Kadir

Abstract


This paper presents an ongoing doctoral study exploring the entrepreneurial intention of pilot public vocational high school students in entrepreneurship development programs in Jakarta, Indonesia. This paper is a preliminary study that employed two methods of data collection, namely questionnaires and interviews. The method allows for triangulation of the data and to establish the reliability and validity of data. Due the Covid-19 pandemic, this study was conducted online to garner information from the participants. The discussion in this paper focuses on the data derived from a questionnaire. Using a purposive sampling method, open-ended questions were posed to 111 students and 60 alumni. Interviews were also conducted with three students using open-ended questions. Data were analyzed inductively by using thematic analysis. The five stages of Creswell's qualitative data analysis were used: arranging and preparing data; reading all data; coding the data; connecting the themes; and interpreting the meaning of those themes. The various themes and sub-themes from the questionnaires and interviews have identified several sub-themes. The findings of the study may be of interest to governments, schools, and researchers. The results will enable those parties to determine the entrepreneurial intention needed to prevent and reduce unemployment among vocational high school graduates.

https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.20.6.18


Keywords


entrepreneurial intention; entrepreneurial self-efficacy; preliminary study; social support; vocational high school

Full Text:

PDF

References


Ahmad, F. S., Baharun, R., & Abd Rahman, S. H. (2004). Interest In entrepreneurship: An exploratory study on engineering and technical students in entrepreneurship education and choosing entrepreneurship as a career. Journal of Advances in Management Sciences & Information Systems, Special Issues, 1–45.

Al-Jubari, I., Hassan, A., & Liñán, F. (2019). Entrepreneurial intention among university students in Malaysia: integrating self-determination theory and the theory of planned behavior. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 15(4), 1323–1342. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-018-0529-0

Aldrich, H., & Zimmer, C. (1986). Entrepreneurship through social networks. In D. Sexton and R. Smilor (Eds.), In The art and science of entrepreneurship. Ballinger Publishing Company.

Asian Trading Economies. (2020, June 26). Unemployment Rate Asia. https://tradingeconomics.com/country-list/unemployment-rate?continent =asia

Awang, Z. (2015). SEM Made Simple: A Gentle Approach To learning Structural Equation Modeling. MPWS Rich Publication Sdn. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:64198895

Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa

Burton, M. D., Sørensen, J. B., & Dobrev, S. D. (2016). A Careers Perspective on Entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, March, 237–247. https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12230

Chen, G., Gully, M. S., & Eden, D. (2004). General self-efficacy and self-esteem: Toward theoretical and empirical distinction between correlated self-evaluations. Journal Of Organizational Behavior, 25, 375–395.

Cheung, C. K. (2016). Issues in the future development of business education in Hong Kong secondary curriculum. Cogent Education, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2015.1129688

Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research Design-Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches (4th ed.). SAGE Publications, Inc.

Eynon, R., Fry, J., & Schroeder, R. (2008). The Ethics of Internet Research. In N. Fielding, R.M. Lee, & G. Blank (Eds.), The SAGE Handbook of Online Research Methods (pp. 23–41). SAGE Publications, Inc.

Fensi, F. (2018). The Influence of Entrepreneurship Education in Growing Interest in Entrepreneurship. Journal of Devotion And Entrepreneurship, 2(1), 1–9.

Guba, E. G., & Lincoln, Y. S. (2000). Paradigmatic Controversies, Contradictions, and Emerging Confluences. In N. K. Denzin and Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of Qualitative Research (2nd ed., pp. 191–216). Sage.

Genoveva, G. (2020). The Influence of Entrepreneurial Culture on Entrepreneurial among Business Students. Firm Journal of Management Studies, 4(1), 40–56. https://doi.org/10.33021/firm.v4i1.682

Gubbins, M., Harrington, D., & Hines, P. (2020). Social support for academic entrepreneurship: definition and conceptual framework. Journal of Management Development. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMD-11-2019-0456

Ibrahim, N. A., & Mas'ud, A. (2016). Moderating role of entrepreneurial orientation on the relationship between entrepreneurial skills, environmental factors and entrepreneurial intention: A PLS approach. Management Science Letters, 6, 225–236. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2016.1.005

Indonesian Central Statistics Agency. (2020). Entrepreneurs Data Based on Institutions Level. In Indonesian Central Statistics Agency (p. 5).

İrengün, O., & Arıkboğa, Ş. (2015). The Effect of Personality Traits on Social Entrepreneurship Intentions: A Field Research. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 195, 1186–1195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.06.172

Ismail, M., Khalid, S. A., Othman, M., Jusoff, H. K., Rahman, N. A., Kassim, K. M., & Zain, R. S. (2009). Entrepreneurial Intention among Malaysian Undergraduates. International Journal of Business and Management, 4(10), 54–60. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v4n10p54

Klyver, K., Honig, B., & Steffens, P. (2018). Social support timing and persistence in nascent entrepreneurship: Exploring when instrumental and emotional support is most effective. Small Business Economics, 51(3), 709–734. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-017-9964-5

Lee, L., Wong, P. K., Foo, M. D., & Leung, A. (2011). Entrepreneurial intentions: The influence of organizational and individual factors. Journal of Business Venturing, 26(1), 124–136.

Lestari, H. D. (2020). Academic Support, Social Support, Environment Support and Eentrepreneurship Education as Contextual Factors. Management And Business Scientific Magazine, 17(1), 38–52.

Linan, F., & Chen, Y. (2006). Testing the Entrepreneurial Intention Model on a two-country Sample. Documents de Treball, 06/7, 1–37.

Lopa, A. T., Arfandi, A., & Salim, J. R. E. (2018). Analysis of Student Interest After Graduating From Vocational High School (Case Study of SMK Negeri 2 Parepare). In Jakarta State University Research Institute (Ed.), Proceedings of the National Seminar Dissemination of Research Results through Optimization of Syntax and Intellectual Property Rights (pp. 456–459). State University of Makasar.

Mahendra, A. M., Djatmika, E. T., & Hermawan, A. (2017). The Effect of Entrepreneurship Education on Entrepreneurial Intention Mediated by Motivation and Attitude among Management Students, State University of Malang, Indonesia. International Education Studies, 10(9), 61. https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v10n9p61

Mair, J., & Hartigan, P. (2010). Social Entrepreneurship. In R. A. Couto (Ed.), Political and Civic Leadership: A Reference Handbook. Sage. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412979337.n84

MariÄ, M., Jeraj, M., & Pavlin, J. (2010). Entrepreneurship as a Solution to the Unemployment Problem. Skola Biznisa, 2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2013.05.002

Marta, M. S., & Kurniasari, D. (2019). The Interaction of Social Support in the Relationship of Entrepreneurial Education, Self-Efficacy and Entrepreneurial Intention. BENEFITS Journal of Management and Business, 4(1), 16–26. https://doi.org/10.23917/benefit.v4i1.7113

Mathers, N., Fox, N., & Amanda Hunn. (2007). Surveys and questionnaires. In The NIHR RDS for the East Midlands (pp. 1–48). Yorkshire & the Humber. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203154281-35

MoEC. (2018). Regulation of the Director General of Primary and Secondary Education Ministry of Education and Culture Number: 07 / D.D5 / Kk / 2018 Concerning Vocational High School/ Madrasah Aliyah Curriculum Structure. In Ministry of Education and Culture (Issue 021, p. 307). http://psmk.kemdikbud.go.id/konten/3824/struktur-kurikulum-smk-perdirjen-dikdasmen-no-07dd5kk2018-tanggal-7-juni-2018

MoEC. (2020). Strategic Plan of the Ministry of Education and Culture for the Year 2020-2024. JDIH Kemdikbud.

Mohamad, N., Lim, H., Yusof, N., Kassim, M., & Abdullah, H. (2014). Estimating the Choice of Entrepreneurship as a Career: The Case of Universiti Utara Malaysia. International Journal of Business and Society, 15(1), 65–80.

Muhammadsyah, A., Puwadi, Fahmi, & Hut. (2016). The Influence of Social Support on Entrepreneurial Inclination among Business Students in Indonesia. Information Management and Business Review, 8(3), 32–46.

Musyadar, A., & Iwang Gumilar. (2019). Entrepreneurship Concepts And Processes in Entrepreneurship (3rd ed., pp. 128). Bogor Agricultural Development Polytechnic.

Ng, L., & Jenkins, A. S. (2018). Motivated but not starting: how fear of failure impacts entrepreneurial intentions. Small Enterprise Research, 25(2), 152–167. https://doi.org/10.1080/13215906.2018.1480412

Nguyen, T. T. (2020). Impact of entrepreneurship environmental support factors to university students' entrepreneurship self-efficacy. Management Science Letters, 10(6), 1321–1328. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2019.11.026

Perwita, D., & Khotimah, A. K. (2015). Entrepreneurship Practice training at SMKN 3 Purwokerto. Proceedings of the National Seminar on Accounting and Finance Education Developing Sustainable Accounting and Finance Education, 482–493. UNS Press.

Popping, R. (2015). Analyzing Open-ended Questions by Means of Text Analysis Procedures. BMS Bulletin of Sociological Methodology/ Bulletin de Methodologie Sociologique, 128(1), 23–39. https://doi.org/10.1177/0759106315597389

Qu, S. Q., & Dumay, J. (2011). The qualitative research interview. Qualitative Research in Accounting and Management, 8(3), 238–264. https://doi.org/10.1108/11766091111162070

Rahaman, M. A., Ali, M. J., Mamoon, Z. R., & Al Asheq, A. (2020). Understanding the entrepreneurial intention in the light of contextual factors: Gender analysis. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(9), 639–647. https://doi.org/10.13106/JAFEB.2020.VOL7.NO9.639

Rani, S. H. B. A. (2012). A Study of Relationship Between Family Support, Role Model and Financial Support Towards Entrepreneurial Inclination Among UUM Non-Business Student. Universiti Utara Malaysia.

Rowley, J. (2000). From learning organisation to knowledge entrepreneur. Journal of Knowledge Management, 4(1), 7–15. https://doi.org/10.1108/13673270010315362

Ryan, F., Coughlan, M., & Cronin, P. (2009). Interviewing in qualitative research: The one-to-one interview. International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation, 16(6), 309–314. https://doi.org/10.12968/ijtr.2009.16.6.42433

Rusdiana, A. (2018). Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice (2nd ed.). Pustaka Setia.

Şahin, F., Karadağ, H., & Tuncer, B. (2019). Big five personality traits, entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intention: A configurational approach. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research, 25(6), 1188–1211. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-07-2018-0466

Sarafino, E. P. (2002). Health psychology biopsychosocial interactions. John Wiley & Sons, Inc,.

Sequeira, J., Mueller, S. L., & McGee, J. E. (2007). The influence of social ties and self-efficacy in forming entrepreneurial intentions and motivating nascent behavior. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 12(3), 275.

Shonubi, O. A., Abdullah, N., Hashim, R., & Hamid, N. B. A. B. (2016). Recognition and Appreciation and the Moderating Role of Self-esteem on Job Satisfaction and Performance among IT Employees in Melaka. J. of Health Science, 4(5), 221–227. https://doi.org/10.17265/2328-7136/2016.05.001

Suharti, L., & Sirine, H. (2012). Factors That Affect Entrepreneurial Intention (Entrepreneurial Intention). Jurnal Manajemen Dan Kewirausahaan, 13(2). https://doi.org/10.9744/jmk.13.2.124-134

Tongco, M. D. C. (2007). Purposive sampling as a tool for informant selection. Ethnobotany Research and Applications, 5, 147–158. https://doi.org/10.17348/era.5.0.147-158

Walipah, W., & Naim, N. (2016). Factors Affecting Student Entrepreneurial Intentions. Journal of Modernized Economics, 12(3), 138. https://doi.org/10.21067/jem.v12i3.1461

Weller, S. C., Vickers, B., Bernard, R., Blackburn, A. M., Borgatti, S., Gravlee, C. C., & Johnson, J. C. (2018). Open-ended interview questions and saturation. PLoS ONE, 13(6), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0198606

Wijaya, T., & Mada, U. G. (2008). Study of Empirical Model of Entrepreneurial Behavior of SMEs in DIY and Central Java. Journal of Management and Entrepreneurship (Journal of Management and Entrepreneurship), 10(2), 93-104–104. https://doi.org/10.9744/jmk.10.2.pp.93-104

Wijaya, T., Nurhadi, N., & Kuncoro, A. M. (2015). Student entrepreneurial intentions: Risk-taking perspective. Business Strategy Journal, 19(2), 109–123. https://doi.org/10.20885/jsb.vol19.iss2.art2

Yuliatika, D., Rahmawati, S. W., & Palupi, S. R. (2017). Self Efficacy and Achievement Motivation of Students of SMA Negeri 7 Purworejo. Psychology Journal, 5(2), 59.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


e-ISSN: 1694-2116

p-ISSN: 1694-2493