Utilization of Writing Assistance Tools in Research in Selected Higher Learning Institutions in the Philippines: A Text Mining Analysis
Abstract
The rise of artificial intelligence (AI) in higher education has sparked significant interest. Artificial intelligence offers opportunities for global learning, personalized instruction, and efficient resource management. In research writing, AI tools streamline processes, from a literature review to data analysis, enhancing efficiency and freeing up time for critical thinking. The researchers of this study used text mining techniques to extract patterns and trends of using writing assistance tools in research from the responses of 327 faculty researchers in various higher learning institutions in the Philippines. Unigram tokenization was used to present the 10 most frequently used words in the corpus, while the k-means elbow method was utilized to show the optimal number of clusters. Sentiment analysis was use to show the positive and negative implications of using writing assistance tools in research. The finding is that faculty respondents value writing assistance tools for enhancing research writing by expediting processes and improving clarity. The implementation of these tools in selected higher learning institutions may present difficulties, such as issues related to overreliance, and hinder students’ and researchers’ development of critical thinking and writing skills. Along with technological and resource challenges, these tools could inadvertently encourage plagiarism if not used responsibly. Cultural and language considerations are also relevant because these tools may not always be attuned to the specific linguistic and cultural nuances of Filipino academic writing. The results of this research may serve as a guide for researchers, educators, and software developers, who may use AI to streamline research writing processes in the educational sector.
https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.22.11.14
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Abdous, M. (2023 March 21). How AI is shaping the future of higher ed. https://www.insidehighered.com/views/2023/03/22/how-ai-shaping-future-higher-ed-opinion
Akgun, S., & Greenhow, C. (2021). Artificial intelligence in education: Addressing ethical challenges in K?12 settings. AI and Ethics, 2, 431–440. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-021-00096-7
Alharbi, W. (2023). AI in the foreign language classroom: A pedagogical overview of automated writing assistance tools. Education Research International, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/4253331
Annals of Family Medicine. (2023). Why ChatGPT should not be used to write academic scientific manuscripts for publication. Annals of Family Medicine, 2958. https://doi.org/10.1370/afm.2982
Bates, T., Cobo, C., Mariño, O., & Wheeler, S. (2020). Can artificial intelligence transform higher education? International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 17 (42). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-020-00218-x
Bozdag, A. A. (2023). AIsmosis and the pas de deux of human-AI interaction: Exploring the communicative dance between society and artificial intelligence. Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies, 13(4), e202340. https://doi.org/10.30935/ojcmt/13414
Bozkurt, A. (2023). Generative artificial intelligence (AI) powered conversational educational agents: The inevitable paradigm shift. Asian Journal of Distance Education, 18(1), 198–204. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7716416
Bringula, R., Ulfa, S., Miranda, J. P. P., & Atienza, F. A. L. (2022) Text mining analysis on students’ expectations and anxieties towards data analytics course. Cogent Engineering, 9(1), 2127469. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311916.2022.2127469
Brown, T. B., Mann, B., Ryder, N., Subbiah, M., Kaplan, J., Dhariwal, P., Neelakantan, A., Shyam, P., Sastry, G., Askell, A., Agarwal, S., Herbert-Voss, A., Krueger, G., Henighan, T., Child, R., Ramesh, A., Ziegler, D. M., Wu, J., Winter, C., … Amodei, D. (2020). Language models are few-shot learners. arXiv preprint arXiv:2005.14165. https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/27a2a9aee490ff30dd5b4d0470a8be8d8/albinzehe
Burkhard, M. (2022). Student perceptions of AI-powered writing tools: Towards individualized teaching strategies. In G. D. Sampson, D. Ifenthaler, & P. Isaías (Eds.), 19th International Conference on Cognition and Exploratory Learning in Digital Age (CELDA 2022) (pp. 73–81). https://doi.org/10.33965/celda2022_202207l010
Cahapin, E. L., Santiago, J. C. S., Malabag, B. A., Reyes, J. L., Legaspi, G. S., & Benedicto, J.(2023). Sentiment analysis of students’ perception towards the implementation of the limited in-person learning: A post-pandemic perspective. International Journal of Computing Sciences Research, 7, 1664–1684. https://doi.org/10.25147/ijcsr.2017.001.1.126
Calderwood, A., Qiu, V., Gero, K. I., & Chilton, L. B. (2020). How novelists use generative language models: An exploratory user study. In W. Geyer, Y. Khazaeni, & M. Shmueli-Scheuer (Eds.), HAI-GEN+user2agent@IUI. https://www.cs.columbia.edu/~chilton/web/my_publications/Calderwood_How_Novelists_Use_Generative_Language_Models.pdf
Carvalho, L., Martinez-Maldonado, R., Tsai, Y.-S., Markauskaite, L., & De Laat, M. (2022). How can we design for learning in an AI world? Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 3, 100053. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2022.100053
Chang, T. S., Li, Y., Huang, H. W., & Whitfield, B. (2021, March). Exploring EFL students’ writing performance and their acceptance of AI-based automated writing feedback. In ICEDS ‘21: Proceedings of the 2021 2nd International Conference on Education Development and Studies (pp. 31–35). https://doi.org/10.1145/3459043.3459065
Chen, L., Chen, P., & Lin, Z. (2020). Artificial intelligence in education: A review. IEEE Access, 8, 75264–75278. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2988510
Chubb, J., Cowling, P. & Reed, D. (2021). Speeding up to keep up: Exploring the use of AI in the research process. AI and Society, 37, 1439–1457. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-021-01259-0
Clark, E., Ross, A. S., Tan, C., Ji, Y., & Smith, N. A. (2018). Creative writing with a machine in the loop: Case studies on slogans and stories. In S. Berkovsky, Y. Hijikata, J. Rekimoto, M. Burnett, M. Billinghurst, & A. Quigley (Chairs), Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces (pp. 329–340). https://doi.org/10.1145/3172944.3172983
Coenen, A., Davis, L., Ippolito, D., Reif, E., & Yuan, A. (2021). Wordcraft: A human-AI collaborative editor for story writing. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2107.07430
Concepcion, R. S., Bedruz, R. A. R., Culaba, A. B., Dadios, E. P., & Pascua, A. R. A. R. (2019). The technology adoption and governance of artificial intelligence in the Philippines. In 2019 IEEE 11th International Conference on Humanoid, Nanotechnology, Information Technology, Communication and Control, Environment, and Management (HNICEM). https://doi.org/10.1109/HNICEM48295.2019.9072725
Cotton, D. R., Cotton, P. A., & Shipway, J. R. (2023). Chatting and cheating: Ensuring academic integrity in the era of ChatGPT. Innovations in Education and Teaching International. https://doi.org/10.1080/14703297.2023.2190148.
Cyranoki, D. (2019) Artificial intelligence is selecting grant reviewers in China. Nature, 569(7756). https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-01517-8
Dehouche, N. (2021). Plagiarism in the age of massive Generative Pre-Trained Transformers (GPT-3). Ethics in Science and Environmental Politics, 21, 17–23. https://doi.org/10.3354/esep00195
Dwevide, Y. K., Kshetri, N., Hughes, L., Slade, E. L., Jeyaraj, A. K. R., Baabdullah, A. M., ... Wright, R. (2023). “So what if ChatGPT wrote it?” Multidisciplinary perspectives on opportunities, challenges and implications of generative conversational AI for research, practice and policy. International Journal of Information Management, 71, 102642. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2023.102642
Estrellado, C. J. & Miranda, J. C. (2023). Artificial intelligence in the Philippine educational context: Circumspection and future inquiries. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 13(5), 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.29322/IJSRP.13.04.2023.p13704
Floridi, L. (2023). AI as agency without intelligence: On ChatGPT, large language models, and other generative models. Philosophy & Technology, 36(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13347-023-00621-y
García-Peñalvo, F. J. (2023). The perception of artificial intelligence in educational contexts after the launch of ChatGPT: Disruption or panic? Education in the Knowledge Society, 24. https://doi.org/10.14201/eks.31279
Gayed, J. M., Carlon, M. K. J., Oriola, A. M., & Cross, J. S. (2022). Exploring an AI-based writing assistant’s impact on English language learners. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 3, 100055. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2022.100055
Godwin-Jones, R. (2022). Partnering with AI: Intelligent writing assistance and instructed language learning. Language Learning & Technology, 26(2), 5–24. http://doi.org/10125/73474
Hassan, H., Aue, A., Chen, C., Chowdhary, V., Clark, J., Federmann, C., Huang, X., Junczys-Dowmunt, M., Lewis, W., Li, M., Liu, S., Liu, T-Y., Luo, R., Menezes, A., Qin, T., Seide, F., Tan, X., Tian, F., … Zhou, M. (2018). Achieving human parity on automatic Chinese to English news translation. arXiv preprint arXiv:1803.05567. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1803.05567
Hu, L. (2023 July 17). Generative AI and future. Medium. https://pub.towardsai.net/generative-ai-and-future-c3b1695876f2
Huang, H., Li, Z., & Taylor, L. (2020). The effectiveness of using Grammarly to improve students’ writing skills. In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Distance Education and Learning (pp. 122-127). https://doi.org/10.1145/3402569.3402594
Huang, Y., & Wilson, J. (2021). Using automated feedback to develop writing proficiency. Computers and Composition, 62, 102675. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compcom.2021.102675
Jarrah, A. M., Wardat, Y., & Fidalgo, P. (2023). Using ChatGPT in academic writing is (not) a form of plagiarism: What does the literature say? Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies, 13(4), e202346. https://doi.org/10.30935/ojcmt/13572
Jeanjaroonsri, R. (2023). Thai EFL learners’ use and perceptions of mobile technologies for writing. Learn Journal: Language Education and Acquisition Research Network, 16(1), 169–193. https://so04.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/LEARN/article/view/263438
Karyuatry L., Rizqan, M. D., & Darayani, N. A (2018). Grammarly as a tool to improve students’ writing quality: free online proofreader across the boundaries. Jurnal Sains Sosial dan Humanoria, 2(1), 89-93. https://doi.org/10.30595/jssh.v2i1.2297
Khabib, S. (2022). Introducing artificial intelligence (AI)-based digital writing assistants for teachers in writing scientific articles. Teaching English as a Foreign Language Journal, 1(2), 114–124. https://doi.org/10.12928/tefl.vli2.249
Kim, N. J., & Kim, M. K. (2022). Teacher’s perceptions of using an artificial intelligence-based educational tool for scientific writing. Frontiers in Education, 7, 755914. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2022.755914
Koo, M. (2023). The importance of proper use of ChatGPT in medical writing. Radiology, 307(3). https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.230312
Kooli, C. (2023). Chatbots in education and research: A critical examination of ethical implications and solutions. Sustainability, 15, 5614. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15075614
Lim, W. M., Gunasekara, A., Pallant, J. L, Pallant, J. I., & Pechenkina, E. (2023). Generative AI and the future of education: Ragnarok or reformation? A paradoxical perspective from management educators. The International Journal of Management Education, 21(2). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2023.100790
Liu, Y., Mittal, A., Yang, D., & Bruckman, A. (2022, April). Will AI console me when I lose my pet? Understanding perceptions of AI-mediated email writing. In Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 1–13). https://doi.org/10.1145/3491102.3517731
Lund, B. D., & Wang, T. (2023). Chatting about ChatGPT: How may AI and GPT impact academia and libraries? Library Hi Tech News, 40(3), 26–29. https://doi.org/10.1108/LHTN-01-2023-0009
McCarthy, K. S., Roscoe, R. D., Likens, A. D., & McNamara, D. S. (2019). Checking it twice: Does adding spelling and grammar checkers improve essay quality in an automated writing tutor? In S. Isotani, E. Millán, A. Ogan, P. Hastings, B. McLaren, & R. Luckin (Eds.), Artificial Intelligence in Education. AIED 2019. Lecture Notes in Computer Science: 11625 (pp. 270–282). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23204-7_23
Manning, C., Raghavan, P., & Schütze, H. (2008). Introduction to information retrieval. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47031-4_1
Marzuki, Widiati, U., Rusdin, D., Darwin, R., & Indrawati, I. (2023). The impact of AI writing tools on the content and organization of students’ writing: EFL teachers’ perspective. Cogent Education, 10, 2236469 https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2023.2236469
Melchor, P. J. M, Lomibao, L. S., & Parcutilo, J. F. (2023). Exploring the potential of AI integration in Mathematics education for generation alpha — Approaches, challenges, and readiness of Philippine tertiary classrooms: A literature review. Journal of Innovations in Teaching and Learning, 3 (1), 39-44. https://doi.org/10.12691/jitl-3-1-8
Nazari, N., Shabbir, M. S., & Setiawan, R. (2021). Application of artificial intelligence powered digital writing assistant in higher education: Randomized controlled trial. Heliyon, 7, e07014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07014
Nunes, A., Cordeiro, C., Limpo, T., & Castro, S. L. (2022). Effectiveness of automated writing evaluation systems in school settings: A systematic review of studies from 2000 to 2020. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 38 (2), 599–620. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12635
Owan, V. J., Abang, K. B, Idika, D. O, Etta, E. O., & Bassey, B. A. (2023). Exploring the potential of artificial intelligence tools in educational measurement and assessment. EURASIA Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 19(8). https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/13428
Qadir, J. (2022). Engineering education in the era of ChatGPT: Promise and pitfalls of generative AI for education. TechRxiv. Preprint. https://doi.org/10.36227/techrxiv.21789434.v1
Roe, J., Renandya, W. A., & Jacobs, G. M. (2023). A review of AI-powered writing tools and their implications for academic integrity in the language classroom. Journal of English and Applied Linguistics, 2(1), 22-30. https://doi.org/10.59588/2961-3094.1035
Rosales, M. A., Magsumbol, J. V., Palconit, M. G., Culaba, A. B. & Dadios, E. P. (2022). Artificial intelligence: The technology adoption and impact in the Philippines. In 2022 IEEE 12th International Conference on Humanoid, Nanotechnology, Information Technology, Communication and Control, Environment, and Management. https://doi.org/10.1109/hnicem51456.2020.9400025
Santiago, C. J. S., Centeno, Z. J. R., Ulanday, M. L. P., & Cahapin, E.L. (2022). Sentiment analysis of students’ experiences during online learning in a state university in the Philippines. International Journal of Computing Sciences Research, 7, 1287-1305. https://doi.org/10.25147/ijcsr.2017.001.1.102
Scardamalia, M., & Bereiter, C. (2015). Education in an open informational world. In R. Scott & S. Kosslyn (Eds.), Emerging Trends in the Social and Behavioral Sciences: An Interdisciplinary, Searchable, and Linkable Resource, 1–15. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118900772.etrds0096
Seo, K., Tang, J., Roll, I., Fels, S. & Yoon, D. (2023). The impact of artificial intelligence on learner–instructor interaction in online learning. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 18(54), https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-021-00292-9
Stojanov, A. (2023). Learning with ChatGPT 3.5 as a more knowledgeable other: An autoethnographic study. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 20, (35). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-023-00404-7
Thurzo, A., Strunga, M., Urban, R., Surovková, J., Afrashtehfar, K. I. (2023). Impact of artificial intelligence on dental education: A review and guide for curriculum update. Education Sciences, 13, (150). https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci13020150
Tlili, A., Shehata, B., Agyemang, M. A., Bozkurt, A., Hickey, D. T., Huang, R., & Agyemang, B. (2023). What if the devil is my guardian angel: ChatGPT as a case study of using chatbots in education. Smart Learning Environments, 10 (15), https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-023-00237-x
Transformer, G. G. P, Osmanovic Thunström, A., & Steingrimsson, S. (2022). Can GPT-3 write an academic paper on itself, with minimal human input? https://hal.science/hal-03701250
Wang, Y., Liu, C., & Tu, Y. F. (2021). Factors affecting the adoption of AI-based applications in higher education: An analysis of teachers’ perspectives using structural equation modelling. Educational Technology & Society, 24 (3), 116-129. https://www.jstor.org/stable/27032860
Wilder, N., Weßels, D., Gröpler, J., Klein, A., & Mundorf, M. (2021). Who is responsible for integrity in the age of artificial intelligence? An analysis using the example of academic writing. European Conference on Academic Integrity and Plagiarism, 179–181. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/367636342_Academic_integrity_and_artificial_intelligence_in_higher_education_contexts_A_rapid_scoping_review_protocol
Yang, D., Zhou, Y., Zhang, Z., Li, T. J-J., & LC, R. (2022). AI as an active writer: Interaction strategies with generated text in human-AI collaborative fiction writing. In A. Smith-Renner, & O. Amir (Eds.), Joint Proceedings of the IUI 2022 Workshops: APEx-UI, HAI-GEN, HEALTHI, HUMANIZE, TExSS, SOCIALIZE (pp. 56-65). (CEUR Workshop Proceedings, 3124). CEUR-WS Team. http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-3124/
Zhang, C., & Lu, Y. (2021). Study on artificial intelligence: The state of the art and future prospects. Journal of Industrial Information Integration, 23, 100224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jii.2021.100224
Zhao, X. (2022). Leveraging artificial intelligence (AI) technology for English writing: Introducing wordtune as a digital writing assistant for EFL writers. RELC Journal, 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1177/00336882221094089
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
e-ISSN: 1694-2116
p-ISSN: 1694-2493