Faculty Members’ Awareness of Artificial Intelligence and Its Relationship to Technology Acceptance and Digital Competencies at King Faisal University
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) is a field of science seeking to develop computer systems with a level of efficiency similar to that of an expert human. By employing the most advanced technologies, such efficiency can contribute significantly to improving the educational process. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the level of AI awareness among faculty members at King Faisal University and examine the relationship between AI awareness and technology acceptance (TA) and digital competencies (DCs). The study used the descriptive-correlational research method, and three analyses were conducted, focusing mainly on AI, TA, and DCs. The sample consisted of 101 faculty members from all departments in the College of Education, representing 43.5% of the college’s faculty. They were selected using the simple random sampling method. After analyzing the quantitative data, findings revealed that the faculty members had a medium level of awareness, with a mean score of 3.05 on a 5-point scale. The findings also revealed that there was no statistically significant relationship between AI awareness and TA among faculty members, with a correlation value of 0.139 and a significance value of 0.165. In contrast, the study found a direct and statistically significant positive relationship between AI awareness and DCs among faculty members, with a correlation value of 0.568 and a significance of < 0.001. Therefore, it is essential to prepare faculty members to use AI in education and improve their attitudes towards AI by conducting workshops and providing them with the necessary skills to employ AI applications in education.
https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.22.7.25
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Abdul Rasul, F. (2015). Modern Trends in University Education. Joanna House.
Ahmed, H. (2018). Cloud computing advantages and disadvantages. International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Applied Science, 4(4), 31-38. https://ijseas.com/volume4/v4i4/ijseas20180405.pdf
Ahmed, I. (2020). Challenges of digital education in the Arab world (Original Vision). The Arab Journal of Specific Education. 4(12), 91-108. http://doi.org/10.33850/ejev.2020.73456
AIED. (2023). AI in Education for Sustainable Society. https://cutt.us/feArZ
Akgün, Ö. (2020). Digital competence: the vital 21st-century skill for teachers and students. https://cutt.us/rX7FL
Al-Alawi, Y., Al-Saqri, M., & Al-Harassi, N. (2014, March 25-27). Electronic information, SLA-AGC 20th Annual Conference Doha, Qatar. http://doi.org/10.5339/qproc.2014.gsla.10
Al-Alimat, p. (2012). The degree of Arabic language teachers' possession of the higher basic stage in Qasaba Al-Salt educational technology competencies from their point of view. Studies Journal University of Jordan, 40 (2), 1511-1522.
Al-Darayseh, A. (2023). Acceptance of artificial intelligence in teaching science: Science teachers' perspective. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 4, http://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2023.100132
Al-Ghamdi, A. (2019). Technical competencies of teachers of Islamic education in schools of the future from the viewpoint of specialists. Pedagogical Pedagogy, 8(4). 113 - 136.
Al-Khafaji, R., Assi, A., & Mohammed, S. (2021). Modern technology, therapeutic approaches, and educational communication strategies. Nour Al-Hassan Library.
Al-Khathami, M. (2010). A case study for faculty members at the college of computer and electronic information at Muhammad bin Saud Islamic university in Riyadh. Journal of the King Fahd National Library, 16(1): 113-130. https://cutt.us/xYMCu
Al-Mahdi, p. (2021). Education and future challenges in the light of the philosophy of artificial intelligence. https://cutt.us/3i3XP
Al-Subhy, A. (2020). The reality of artificial intelligence applications use in education by faculty members at Najran University. Journal of the Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, 4 (44), 319-368.
Amayreh, M. (2019). The degree of availability of technological competencies for faculty members in Jordanian universities and their obstacles [Unpublished Master Thesis]. Middle East University.
Badawi, M. (2022). Applications of artificial intelligence in education: Challenges and future prospects. Journal of the Egyptian Society for Educational Computers, 10 (2), 91-108. 10.21608/eaec.2022.155591.1101
Becker, S., Cummins, M., Davis, A., Freeman, A., Hall, C., & Ananthanarayanan, V. (2017). NMC Horizon Report: 2017 Higher Education Edition. The New Media Consortium. https://www.learntechlib.org/p/174879/
Caena, F., & Redecker, C. (2019). Aligning teacher competence frameworks to 21st century challenges: the case for the European digital competence framework for educators (Digcompedu). European Journal of Education, 54(3), 356-369. http://doi.org/10.1111/ejed.12345
Carretero, S., Vuorikari, R., & Punie, Y. (2017). DigComp 2.1: The digital competence framework for citizens.? Publications Office of the European Union. http://doi.org/10.2760/38842
Chiu, T., Chu, D., Huang, S., Chang, M., Liu, Y., & Lee, J. (2021). Facing the coronavirus pandemic: An integrated continuing education program in Taiwan. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(5), 2417.? http://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052417
Chowdhury, M., & Sadek, A. (2012). Advantages and limitations of artificial intelligence. Artificial intelligence applications to critical transportation issues, 6(3), 360-375.?
Davis, F., Bagozzi, R., & Warshaw, P. (1989). User acceptance of computer technology: A comparison of two theoretical models. Management Science, 35(8), 982–1003. http://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.35.8.982
European Commission. (2006). Recommendation of the European parliament and of the council of 18 December 2006 on key competences for lifelong learning. Official Journal of the European Union, 394. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reco/2006/962/oj
European commission.(2023). Digital competence framework for educators (DigCompEdu). https://cutt.us/3aQ9Q
Fathema, N., & Sutton, K. (2013). Factors influencing faculty members’ Learning Management Systems adoption behavior: An analysis using the Technology Acceptance Model. International Journal of Trends in Economics Management & Technology, 2(6), 20-28.?
Haenlein, M., & Kaplan, A. (2019). A brief history of artificial intelligence: On the past, present, and future of artificial intelligence. California management review, 61(4), 5-14.?
Haleem, A., Javaid, M., Qadri, M., & Suman, R. (2022). Understanding the role of digital technologies in education: A review. Sustainable Operations and Computers.? http://doi.org/10.1016/j.susoc.2022.05.004
Holmes, W., Bialik, M. & Fadel, C. (2019). Artificial intelligence in education: Promises and implications for teaching and learning. Center for Curriculum Redesign
Holmes, W., Persson, J., Chounta, I., Wasson, B., & Dimitrova, V. (2022). Artificial intelligence and education: A critical view through the lens of human rights, democracy and the rule of law. Council of Europe.?
Ilkka, T. (2018). The impact of artificial intelligence on learning, teaching, and education. European Union.
Jabali, N., & Al-Qahtani, S. (2022). The degree of awareness among faculty members of artificial intelligence skills in education and its relationship to experience and training programs at King Khalid University. Journal of the Association of Arab Universities for Education and Psychology, 19 (3), 92-131
Jantakun, T., Jantakun, K., & Jantakoon, T. (2021). A common framework for artificial intelligence in higher education (AAI-HE Mode). International Education Studies, 14(11), 94-103. http://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v14n11p94
Jeong, H. (2011). An investigation of user perceptions and behavioral intentions towards the e-library. Library Collections, Acquisitions, and Technical Services, 35(2-3), 45-60.? http://doi.org/10.1016/j.lcats.2011.03.018
Kaplan, A., & Haenlein, M. (2019). Siri, Siri, in my hand: Who’s the fairest in the land? On the interpretations, illustrations, and implications of artificial intelligence. Business horizons, 62(1), 15-25. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2018.08.00
Kleef, N., Noltes, J & Spoel, S. (2010). Success factors for Augmented Reality Business Models. Study Tour Pixel 2010 - University of Twente.
Krumsvik, R. (2008). The emerging digital literacy among teachers in Norway (The story of one digital literate teacher). In R. Kobayashi (Ed.), new educational technology (pp. 105–155). Nova Science Publishers.
Leslie, D., Burr, C., Aitken, M., Cowls, J., Katell, M., & Briggs, M. (2021). Artificial intelligence, human rights, democracy, and the rule of law: a primer. arXiv preprint arXiv: 2104.04147.? http://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3817999
Luckin, R. (2017). Towards artificial intelligence-based assessment systems. Nature Human Behaviour, 1(3), 0028. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-016-0028
Luo, D. (2018). Guide teaching system based on artificial intelligence. Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning. 13(8), 90-102. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v13i08.9058
McCarthy, J., Minsky, M. L., Rochester, N., & Shannon, C. (2006). A proposal for the Dartmouth summer research project on artificial intelligence, august 31, 1955. AI magazine, 27(4), 12-14.? https://doi.org/10.1609/aimag.v27i4.1904
Miao, F., Holmes, W., Huang, R., & Zhang, H. (2021). AI and education: A guidance for policymakers. UNESCO Publishing.?
Moawad, G. (2019). The effectiveness of a diffuse training environment based on the preferred training style for developing digital competencies and technological acceptance among faculty members at the University of Education, Al-Azhar University, 3 (184), 1086-1147. https://doi.org/ 10.21608/jsrep.2019.95899
Nadimpalli, M. (2017). Artificial intelligence risks and benefits. International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, 6(6).? https://www.researchgate.net/profile/MeenakshiNadimpalli/publication/319321806_Artificial_Intelligence_Risks_and_Benefits/links/59a47dd20f7e9b4f7df37ab9/Artificial-Intelligence-Risks-and-Benefits.pdf
Nazaretsky, T., Cukurova, M., Ariely, M., & Alexandron, G. (2021, September). Confirmation bias and trust: human factors that influence teachers' attitudes towards AI-based educational technology. In CEUR Workshop Proceedings (Vol. 3042).
Ng, D., Leung, J., Su, J., Ng, R., & Chu, S. (2023). Teachers’ AI digital competencies and twenty-first century skills in the post-pandemic world. Educational technology research and development, 71, 137-161. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s11423-023-10203-6
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2020). Trustworthy AI in education: promises and challenges, background paper for the g20 AI dialogue, digital economy task force meeting Riyadh, 1-2 February 2020. https://www.oecd.org/education/trustworthy-artificial-intelligence-in-education.pdf.
Shaheen, Sh. Al-Awadi, H. Al-Shammari, T. (2021). Competences of e-learning among teachers of the Arabic language for the fifth grade of primary school, towards their students towards the subject. Journal of Human Sciences, 28 (3), 1-15.
Sharaf El-Din, M. (2023). The technical competencies of a faculty member at the Faculty of Physical Education in the light of the highway towards creativity. Beni Suef Journal of Education and Mathematical Sciences, 6(11), 161- https://doi.org/17910.21608/obsa.2023.169626.1379
Tecuci. G. (2012). Artificial intelligence. WIREs Computational Statistics, 4(2), 168-180.
Teo, T. (2009). Modelling technology acceptance in education: A study of pre-service teachers. Computers & Education, 52(2), 302-312, https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.compedu.2008.08.006
The European Commission. (2023). Defines digital competence. https://joint-research-centre.ec.europa.eu/digcomp/digcomp-framework_en
Tutorial point. (2015). Artificial intelligence. https://www.dcpehvpm.org/EContent/BCA/BCAIII/artificial_intelligence_tutorial.pdf.
UNESCO. (2021). Recommendation on the ethics of artificial intelligence. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000380455
UNICEF. (2021), Policy guidance on AI for children. https://cutt.us/mIvdv
United Nations. (2023). Do you know all 17 SDGs? https://sdgs.un.org/goals
Wisskirchen, G., Biacabe, B., Bormann, U., & Intelligence, A. (2017). Robotics and Their Impact on the Workplace, IBA Global Employment Institute.? https://cutt.us/FNpsh
Zawacki-Richter, O., Marín, V., & Bond, M. et al. (2019). Systematic review of research on artificial intelligence applications in higher education – where are the educators?. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 16, 39. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-019-0171-0
Zhang, K., & Aslan, A. (2021). AI technologies for education: Recent research & future directions. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 2, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100025
Zhong, Y. (2006). A cognitive approach to artificial intelligence research. In 2006 5th IEEE International Conference on Cognitive Informatics (Vol. 1, pp. 90-100). https://doi.org/10.1109/COGINF.2006.365682
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
e-ISSN: 1694-2116
p-ISSN: 1694-2493