The Digital Divide in Inclusive Classrooms
Abstract
The digital divide affects equity in inclusive classrooms. It can create a gap in accessing information-communication-technology (ICT) resources or inequalities in skills and effective use. The present study is a qualitative SWOT analysis; it explores teachers’ views on access and use issues that widen the digital divide in inclusive classrooms in the UAE. Six teachers from intermediate and secondary-level schools were interviewed to identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats associated with ICT use and access in their inclusive classrooms. The semi-structured interviews were analyzed, using thematic analysis. The study found that, although all of the students, irrespective of disabilities, have equal access to ICT resources, various factors—including a lack of training, insufficient resources, heavy workloads, and a shortage of human resources—are expanding the digital divide in inclusive classrooms. This study discusses ways to overcome the challenges and implications; it recommends research avenues for future studies.
https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.19.3.5
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Ali, A. (2013). Etiquette, e-etiquette and cell phone use in the classrooms. Issues in Information Systems, 14(2), 452–462.
Al-Okaily, R. (2013). Mobile learning and BYOD: Implementation in an intensive English program. Learning and Teaching in Higher Education: Gulf Perspectives, 10(2), 1–17. doi:10.18538/lthe.v10.n2.141
Anati, N. M. (2012). Including Students with Disabilities in UAE Schools: A Descriptive Study. International Journal of Special Education, 27(2), 75–85.
Arias, M. (2019). Examining the digital disability divide in higher education. (Doctoral thesis, George MAson University). Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview/2316838714?pq-origsite=gscholar
Asiimwe, E. N., & Khan, S. Z. (2013). Ubiquitous Computing in Education: A SWOT Analysis by Students and Teachers. QScience Proceedings, 18, 1–8. doi:10.5339/qproc.2013.mlearn.18
Basak, S. K., & Govender, D. W. (2015). Development of A Conceptual Framework Regarding the Factors Inhibiting Teachers Successful Adoption and Implementation of ICT in Teaching and Learning. International Business & Economics Research Journal (IBER), 14(3), 431. doi:10.19030/iber.v14i3.9208
Batorowicz, B., Missiuna, C. A., & Pollock, N. A. (2012). Technology Supporting Written Productivity in Children with Learning Disabilities: A Critical Review. Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 79(4), 211–224. doi:10.2182/cjot.2012.79.4.3
Chadwick, D., Wesson, C., & Fullwood, C. (2013). Internet Access by People with Intellectual Disabilities: Inequalities and Opportunities. Future Internet, 5(3), 376–397. doi:10.3390/fi5030376
Clarida, B. H., Bobeva, M., Hutchings, M., & Taylor, J. (2015). Strategies for Digital Inclusion: Towards a Pedagogy for Embracing and Sustaining Student Diversity and Engagement with Online Learning. IAFOR Journal of Education, 3, 86–106. doi:10.22492/ije.3.se.06
Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2011). Research methods in education (7th ed.). London: Routledge.
Damodaran, L., & Sandhu, J. (2016). The role of a social context for ICT learning and support in reducing digital inequalities for older ICT users. International Journal of Learning Technology, 11(2), 156. doi:10.1504/ijlt.2016.077520
Dobransky, K., & Hargittai, E. (2016). Unrealized potential: Exploring the digital disability divide. Poetics, 58, 18–28. doi:10.1016/j.poetic.2016.08.003
Elen, J., Clarebout, G., Sarfo, F. K., Louw, L. P., Pöysä-Tarhonen, J., & Stassens, N. (2010). “Computer†and “Information and Communication Technology:†Students’ Culture-Specific Interpretations. Educational Technology & Society, 13(4), 227–239.
Ghobadi, S., & Ghobadi, Z. (2013). How Access Gaps Interact with Each other and Shape the Digital Divide: A Cognitive Investigation. Behaviour & Information Technology, 1–37. doi:10.1080/0144929x.2013.833292
Gürel, E. (2017). Swot Analysis: A Theoretical Review. Journal of International Social Research, 10(51), 994–1006. doi:10.17719/jisr.2017.1832
Kelley-Salinas, G. (2000). Different educational inequalities: ICT an option to close the gaps. In Learning to bridge the digital divide (pp. 21–36). Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
Knott, C. L., Steube, G., & Yang, H. (2013). Technology In The Classroom Versus Sustainability. Contemporary Issues in Education Research (CIER), 6(1), 9. doi:10.19030/cier.v6i1.7600
Leatherman, J., & Niemeyer, J. (2005). Teachers’ Attitudes Toward Inclusion: Factors Influencing Classroom Practice. Journal of Early Childhood Teacher Education, 26(1), 23–36. doi:10.1080/10901020590918979
Lidström, H., & Hemmingsson, H. (2014). Benefits of the use of ICT in school activities by students with motor, speech, visual, and hearing impairment: A literature review. Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 21(4), 251–266. doi.org/10.3109/11038128.2014.880940
Lyons, C. D., & Tredwell, C. T. (2015). Steps to Implementing Technology in Inclusive Early Childhood Programs. Computers in the Schools, 32(2), 152–166. doi:10.1080/07380569.2015.1038976
Jupin, J. (2019). A study of the implementation of digital textbooks in middle schools. (Doctoral thesis, Concordia University, Portland). Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview/2247183897?pq-origsite=gscholar
MartÃnez, R. S. (2011). Disability and the use of ICT in education: Do students with special needs recognise the support given by teachers when using technology. Problems of Education in the 21st Century, 35, 149–158.
Mølster, T. (2016). What About ICT for Students with Reading and Writing Difficulties? EDULEARN16 Proceedings. doi:10.21125/edulearn.2016.1370
Moriña, A. (2017). Inclusive education in higher education: Challenges and opportunities. European Journal of Special Needs Education, 32(1), 3–17. doi:10.1080/08856257.2016.1254964
Obradović, S., Bjekić, D., & Zlatić, L. (2015). Creative Teaching with ICT Support for Students with Specific Learning Disabilities. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 203, 291–296. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.08.297
OECD Secretariat. (2000). Emerging Trends and Issues: The Nature of the Digital Divide in Learning. In Schooling for Tomorrow: Learning to Bridge the Digital Divide (pp. 51–62). Paris: OECD Publications Centre.
Palmer, S. B., Wehmeyer, M. L., Davies, D. K., & Stock, S. E. (2011). Family members’ reports of technology use by family members with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 56(4), 402–414. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2788.2011.01489.x
Phadermrod, B., Crowder, R. M., & Wills, G. B. (2016). Importance-Performance Analysis-based SWOT analysis. International Journal of Information Management, 44, 194–203. doi:10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2016.03.009
Raman, K., & Yamat, H. (2014). Barriers Teachers Face in Integrating ICT During English Lessons: A Case Study. The Malaysian Online Journal of Educational Technology, 2(3), 11–19.
Sahito, Z., & Vaisanen, P. (2017). The Effect of ICT Skills on the Job Satisfaction of Teacher Educators: Evidence from the Universities of the Sindh Province of Pakistan. International Journal of Higher Education, 6(4), 122. doi:10.5430/ijhe.v6n4p122
Seale, J., Georgeson, J., Mamas, C., & Swain, J. (2015). Not the right kind of “digital capital?†An examination of the complex relationship between disabled students, their technologies, and higher-education institutions. Computers & Education, 82, 118–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2014.11.007
Sossa, S. F., Rivilla, A. M., & González, M. L. (2015). Digital inclusion in education in Tarija, Plurinational State of Bolivia. CEPAL Review, 2015(115), 63–80. doi:10.18356/fa19c5da-en
Valadez, J. R., & Durán, R. P. (2007). Redefining the Digital Divide: Beyond Access to Computers and the Internet. The High School Journal, 90(3), 31–44. doi:10.1353/hsj.2007.0013
Van Dijk, J. (2012). The Evolution of the Digital Divide: The Digital Divide turns to Inequality of Skills and Usage. In Digital Enlightenment Yearbook 2012 (pp. 57–75). Amsterdam: IOS Press. doi:10.3233/978-1-61499-057-4-57
Van Dijk, J. (2017). Digital Divide: Impact of Access. In Rössler, P., Hoffner, C. A., & Zoonen (Eds.), The International Encyclopedia of Media Effects (pp. 1–11). Chichester, West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons. doi:10.1002/9781118783764.wbieme0043
Van Dijk, J. A. G. M. (2013). A theory of the digital divide. In M. Ragnedda, & G. W. Muschert (Eds.), The digital divide: the Internet and social inequality in international perspective (pp. 29–51). Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge.
Warf, B. (2018). Teaching Digital Divides. Journal of Geography, 1–11. doi:10.1080/00221341.2018.1518990
Wu, T., Chen, M., Yeh, Y., Wang, H., & Chang, S. C. (2014). Is the digital divide an issue for students with learning disabilities? Computers in Human Behavior, 39, 112–117. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2014.06.024
Yuen, A. H., Park, J., Chen, L., & Cheng, M. (2016). The significance of cultural capital and parental mediation for digital inequity. New Media & Society, 20(2), 599–617. doi:10.1177/1461444816667084
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
e-ISSN: 1694-2116
p-ISSN: 1694-2493